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1.  Simple present tense

S + (Aux.) V₁ + (O/C)

He is a student.

He is not a student.

She has many books.

She has not many books.

She does not have many books.

They can study English.

They can not study English.

The boy may go home.

The boy may not go home.

Billy must come here.

Billy must not come here.

Dick need not read the paper.

Tom dare not climb the tall tree.

You ought to forget him.

You ought not to forget him.

The farmer works hard.

The farmer does not work hard.

1.  Simple present tense

is

am

are

have

has

can

S + (Aux,) V₁ + (O/C)   may     + (not) + S ?

must

need

dare

ought

do

does

He is a student, is not he ?

He is not a student, is he ?

She has many books, has not she ?

She has many books, does not she ?

She has not many books, has she ?

She does not have many books, does she ?

They can study English, can not they ?

They can not study English, can they ?

The boy may go home, may not he ?

The boy may not go home, may he ?

Billy must come here, must not he ?

Billy must not come here, must he ?

Dick need not read the paper, need he ?

Tom dare not climb the tall tree, dare he ?

You ought to forget him, ought not you ?

You ought not to forget him, ought you ?

The farmer works hard, does not he ?

The farmer does not work hard, does he ?

The girls do not drink much water.

2. Present continuous tense

S +   V. to be    + V₁ – ing  + (O/C)

(is, am are)

She is smiling.

She is not smiling.

I am reading a book.

I am not reading a book.

You are eating an apple.

You are not eating an apple.

The students are talking loudly.

The students are not talking loudly.

3. Present perfect tense

S + V. to have + V₃ + (O/C)

(have, has)

We have studied French.

We have not studied French.

She has sung a song.

She has not sung a song.

The sailors have sailed the ship.

The sailors have not sailed the ship.

Dad has come home.

Dad has not come home.

The girls do not drink much water, do they ?

2. Present continuous tense

is

S +   V. to be    + V1 – ing  + (O/C)  am  + not + S ?

(is, am are)                              are

She is smiling, is not she ?

She is not smiling, is she ?

I am reading a book, are not I ?

I am not reading a book, am I ?

You are eating an apple, are not you ?

You are not eating an apple, are you ?

The students are talking loudly, are not they ?

The students are not talking loudly, are they ?

3. Present perfect tense

S + V. to have + V₃ + (O/C),  have  + (not) + S ?

(have, has)                         has

We have studied French, have not we ?

We have not studied French, have we ?

She has sung a song, has not she ?

She has not sung a song, has she ?

The sailors have sailed the ship, have not they ?

The sailors have not sailed the ship, have they ?

Dad has come home, has not he ?

Dad has not come home, has he ?

1. Simple past tense

S + (Aux,) V₂ + (O/C)

V₁

He was a student.

He was not a student.

She had many books.

She had not many books.

She did not have many books.

They could study English.

They could not study English.

The boy might go home.

The boy might not go home.

You ought to forget him last year.

You ought not to forget him last year.

We worked hard.

We did not work hard.

2. Past continuous tense

S +   V. to be    + V₁ – ing  + (O/C)

(was, were)

She was smiling when I looked at her.

She was not smiling when I looked at her.

I was reading a book while you were

watching television.

I was not reading a book while you were

Watching television.

1. Simple past tense

Was

Were

had

S + (Aux,) V₂ + (O/C)   could   + (not) + S ?

V₁ might

ought

did

He was a student, was not he ?

He was not a student, was he ?

She had many books, had not she ?

She had many books, did not she ?

She had not many books, has she ?

She did not have many books, did she ?

They could study English, could not they ?

They could not study English, could they ?

The boy might go home, might not he ?

The boy might not go home, might he ?

You ought to forget him last year, ought not you ?

You ought not to forget him last year, ought you ?

We worked hard, did not we ?

We did not work hard, did we ?

2. Past continuous tense

S +   V. to be   + V₁ – ing  + (O/C),  was  + (not) + S ?

(was, were)                             were

She was smiling when I looked at her, was not she?

She was not smiling when I looked at her, was she?

I was reading a book while you were watching television, was not I?

I was not reading a book while you were

Watching television, was I?

You were not eating an apple when he told you the story.

The students were talking loudly when the teacher came into the class.

The students were not talking loudly when the teacher came into the class.

3. Past perfect tense

S +   V. to have  + V₃ + (O/C)

(had)

We had studied French before we studied English.

We had not studied French before we studied English.

She had sung a song before they arrived.

She had not sung a song before they arrived.

The sailor had sailed the ship before the sun set.

The sailor had not sailed the ship before the sun set.

You were not eating an apple when he told you the story, were you?

The students were talking loudly when the teacher came into the class, were not they?

The students were not talking loudly when the teacher came into the class, were they?

3. Past perfect tense

S +  V. to have   + V₃ + (O/C), had (not) + S ?

(had)

We had studied French before we studied English, had not we?

We had not studied French before we studied English, had we?

She had sung a song before they arrived, had not she?

She had not sung a song before they arrived, had she?

The sailor had sailed the ship before the sun set, had not he?

The sailor had not sailed the ship before the sun set, had he?

1. Simple future tense

will

S +   shall                 + V₁ + (O/C)

to be going to

They will go home.

They will not go home.

We shall leave you.

We shall not leave you.

The women will dance.

The women will not dance.

The babies will sleep all day.

The babies will not sleep all day.

Jim is going to study math.

Jim is not going to study math.

Nancy and Jane are going to have dinner.

Nancy and Jane are not going to have dinner.

I am going to see him.

I am not going to see him.

You and I are going to marry soon.

You and I are not going to marry soon.

1. Simple future tense

will                                  will

S + shall              + V₁ + (O/C)  shall   +(not) + S?

to be going to                    to be

They will go home, will not they?

They will not go home, will they?

We shall leave you, shall not we?

We shall not leave you, shall we?

The women will dance, will not they?

The women will not dance, will they?

The babies will sleep all day, will not they?

The babies will not sleep all day, will they?

Jim is going to study math, is not he?

Jim is not going to study math, is he?

Nancy and Jane are going to have dinner, are not they?

Nancy and Jane are not going to have dinner, are they?

I am going to see him, are not I?

I am not going to see him, am I?

You and I are going to marry soon, are not we?

You and I are not going to marry soon, are we?